Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of bradykinin on reperfusion injury in an experimental intestinal ischemia reperfusion model. Methods We used 32 Wistar-Albino rats. We composed 4 groups each containing 8 rats. Rats in sham group were sacrified at 100 minutes observation after laparotomy. Thirty minutes reperfusion was performed following 50 minutes ischaemia in control group after observing 20 minutes. Ischaemic preconditioning was performed in one group of the study. We performed the other study group pharmacologic preconditioning by infusional administration of 10 μg/kg/minute bradykinin intravenously. We sacrified all of the rats by taking blood samples to evaluate the lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after resection of jejunum for detecting tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Results Lactate and LDH levels were significantly higher in control and study groups than the sham group (P<0.001). There is no difference between the study groups statistically. (P>0.05). The results were the same for MPO levels. Although definitive cell damage was determinated in the control group by hystopatological evaluation, the damage in the study groups observed was lower in different levels. However, there was no significant difference between the study groups statistically (P>0.05). Conclusion Either ischeamic preconditioning or pharmacologic preconditioning made by bradykinin reduced the ischemia reperfusion injury at jejunum.

Resumo Justificativa Neste estudo, buscamos investigar o efeito da dexmedetomidina sobre a nefrotoxicidade da colistina em ratos. Métodos Trinta e dois ratos Wistar albinos foram alocados em quatro grupos: o grupo controle recebeu 1 mL.kg-1 de solução salina intraperitoneal (ip); o grupo colistina recebeu 10 mg.kg-1 de colistina ip; o grupo DEX10 recebeu 10 mcg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina ip 20 minutos antes da injeção de 10 mg.kg-1 de colistina ip; o grupo DEX20 recebeu 20 mcg.kg-1 de dexmedetomidina ip 20 minutos antes da administração de 10 mg.kg-1 de colistina ip. Estes tratamentos foram continuados duas vezes ao dia durante sete dias. As amostras foram colhidas no oitavo dia. BUN, Cr, KIM-1, TAS e TOS foram examinados nas amostras de sangue e caspase-3 foi examinada nas amostras de tecido renal. Resultados Os valores de BUN, Cr e TOS foram significativamente maiores no grupo colistina do que no grupo controle. As alterações em BUN, Cr e TOS nos grupos DEX10 e DEX20 não foram significativas em comparação com o grupo controle, mas foram significativamente menores em comparação com o grupo colistina. Os valores de TAS no grupo DEX10 foram significativamente menores do que no grupo controle. A atividade apoptótica foi significativamente maior no grupo colistina em comparação com o grupo controle, mas não houve diferença significativa em termos de atividade na coloração da caspase-3 quando os grupos DEX10 e DEX20 foram comparados com o grupo controle. Conclusão O dano oxidativo e a apoptose desempenharam papéis na nefrotoxicidade da colistina e a nefrotoxicidade de colistina pode ser prevenida pelo tratamento com dexmedetomidina.

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on colistin nephrotoxicity in rats. Methods Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were allocated into four groups. Intraperitoneal (ip) saline at 1 mL.kg-1 was administered to the control group and 10 mg.kg-1 ip colistin was given to the colistin group. In the DEX10 group 10 mcg.kg-1 dexmedetomidine ip was given 20 min before the injection of 10 mg.kg-1 ip colistin. In the DEX20 group ip 20 mcg.kg-1 dexmedetomidine was injected 20 min before the administration of 10 mg.kg-1 ip colistin. These treatments were continued twice a day for seven days. Samples were taken on the eighth day. BUN, Cr, KIM-1, TAS, and TOS were examined in blood samples and caspase-3 was examined in kidney tissue samples. Results The values for BUN, Cr and TOS were significantly higher in the colistin group than in the control group. BUN, Cr and TOS changes in the DEX10 and DEX20 groups were not significant compared with the control group but they were significantly lower compared with the colistin group. TAS values in the DEX10 group were significantly lower than in the control group. Apoptotic activity was significantly higher in the colistin group compared with the control group, but there was no significant difference in terms of caspase-3 staining activity when DEX10 and DEX20 groups were compared with the control group. Conclusion Oxidative damage and apoptosis played roles in colistin nephrotoxicity, and colistin nephrotoxicity could be prevented by treatment with dexmedetomidine.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar se a enterografia por ressonância magnética (ERM) consegue comprovar/mostrar a extensão da doença em pacientes pediátricos com doença celíaca (DC) comprovada por biópsia, comparar com um grupo de controle e correlacionar os achados da ERM com o nível de anticorpo antiendomísio (EMA) indicador de dieta sem glúten. Métodos: Foram recrutados 31 pacientes pediátricos (idade média entre 11,7 ± 3,1 anos) com DC comprovada por biópsia e 40 pacientes pediátricos em um grupo de controle. As imagens da ERM dos pacientes com DC e no grupo de controle foram avaliadas por dois radiologistas pediátricos às cegas para o padrão da mucosa, presença de espessamento da parede, dilatação luminal do intestino delgado e achados extraintestinais. Os prontuários dos pacientes foram revisados para anotação de características clínicas e achados laboratoriais. A avaliação histopatológica das biópsias duodenais foi feita novamente. Resultados: A duração média da doença foi 5,6 ± 1,8 anos (faixa de 3-7,2 anos). Em 24 (77%) dos pacientes, os níveis EMA estavam elevados (média 119,2 ± 66,6 RU/mL). A ERM revelou um padrão de pregas normal em todos os pacientes; 10 (32%) dos pacientes apresentaram gânglios linfáticos mesentéricos aumentados. Conclusão: Apesar de a maioria dos pacientes ter níveis elevados de EMA, o que indica uma dieta pobre, a ERM não mostrou anomalia na mucosa associada à incapacidade de a ERM detectar alterações leves/precoces de DC nas crianças. Portanto, ela pode não ser útil no acompanhamento da DC pediátrica.

Abstract Objective: To assess if magnetic resonance enterography is capable of showing evidence/extent of disease in pediatric patients with biopsy-proven celiac disease by comparing with a control group, and to correlate the magnetic resonance enterography findings with anti-endomysial antibody level, which is an indicator of gluten-free dietary compliance. Methods: Thirty-one pediatric patients (mean age 11.7 ± 3.1 years) with biopsy-proven celiac disease and 40 pediatric patients as a control group were recruited in the study. The magnetic resonance enterography images of both patients with celiac disease and those of the control group were evaluated by two pediatric radiologists in a blinded manner for the mucosal pattern, presence of wall thickening, luminal distention of the small bowel, and extra-intestinal findings. Patient charts were reviewed to note clinical features and laboratory findings. The histopathologic review of the duodenal biopsies was re-conducted. Results: The mean duration of the disease was 5.6 ± 1.8 years (range: 3-7.2 years). In 24 (77%) of the patients, anti-endomysial antibody levels were elevated (mean 119.2 ± 66.6 RU/mL). Magnetic resonance enterography revealed normal fold pattern in all the patients. Ten (32%) patients had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes. Conclusion: Although a majority of the patients had elevated anti-endomysial antibody levels indicating poor dietary compliance, magnetic resonance enterography did not show any mucosal abnormality associated with the inability of magnetic resonance enterography to detect mild/early changes of celiac disease in children. Therefore, it may not be useful for the follow-up of pediatric celiac disease.

INTRODUCTION: The most common form of systemic amyloidosis is amyloid A induced by a chronic inflammation. In HIV-infected patients, elevated serum amyloid A levels might be associated with chronic inflammation PATIENT PRESENTATION: A 43-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with a complaint of papular lesions around his eyes, existing for four months. The patient is receiving antiretroviral therapy. HIV RNA was undetectable, and the CD4 count was 770 cells/mm³. He suffered from a bladder carcinoma for four years. On examination, periocular, perioral and anogenital papules, papular lesions in the meatus of external auditory canal, and intranasal polyps were observed MANAGEMENT: Microscopic examination of the biopsy material taken from the periocular lesion and then from perianal polyps revealed eosinophilic deposition, and stained positively by Congo red. Serum amyloid A level was negative. Antiretroviral therapy was continued CONCLUSION: A rare form of amyloidosis in a patient with HIV and/or AIDS and coinfected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) was presented here with cutaneous and mucosal lesions

Resumo Introdução: Leiomiossarcoma é um tumor raramente observado na glândula tireoide. O diagnóstico pode ser difícil e o tratamento é controverso. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi revisar a literatura sobre um tumor raro da glândula tireoide que possui alto índice de mortalidade. Método: Dois casos de leiomiossarcoma da tireoide são apresentados, e os 23 casos anteriores relatados na literatura atual foram revisados. Resultados: Um total de 25 casos de leiomiossarcoma da tireoide foi revisado. A queixa mais comum foi o rápido crescimento de um tumor cervical anterior; 10 dos 25 pacientes apresentavam metástases distantes no momento da admissão. Quinze dos 25 pacientes foram a óbito nos primeiros 12 meses após o diagnóstico. Conclusão: O diagnóstico diferencial de leiomiossarcoma da tireoide é importante e deve ser feito com outras doenças malignas da glândula, especialmente carcinoma anaplásico. O prognóstico é ruim e não há consenso em relação ao tratamento.

Abstract Introduction: Leiomyosarcoma is a tumor which is rarely seen in the thyroid gland. The diagnosis may be difficult and the treatment is controversial. Objective: The objective of the study is to review the literature about a rare malignant disease of the thyroid gland which has high mortality. Methods: Two cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are presented and the previous 23 cases in the current literature are reviewed. Results: A total of 25 cases of thyroid leiomyosarcoma are reviewed; the most common complaint was rapidly growing anterior neck mass, and ten of the 25 patients had distant metastasis at the initial admission. Fifteen of the 25 patients died with the disease in the first 12 months after the diagnosis. Conclusion: The differential diagnosis of thyroid leiomyosarcoma is important and should be performed with other malignancies of the gland, especially with anaplastic carcinoma. The prognosis is poor and there is no consensus regarding the treatment.